Category Archives: Dewey

The Pandemic

If we look at what is currently going on in our country, we shouldn’t be surprised with the responses to the pandemic. A bourgeois democracy, which according to Wikipedia means the same as “liberal democracy”, which is “a … form of government in which representative democracy … elections between multiple distinct political parties, a separation of powers … rule of law … market economy with private property … equal protection of human rights, civil rights, civil liberties and political freedoms …” In a bourgeois democracy any solution to end this pandemic will cause damages that are a threat to our economy. Trying to end this pandemic shouldn’t be allowed to destroy our economy.

The banning of is one of those problems that are affecting our economy. President Trump’s administration policies that banned travel from other countries, also harms our economy. Also, immigrants who are being sent back to their country and not allowed to cross the border adds to this problem during these times. These situations stop these individuals from achieving freedom and individuality that the bourgeois democracy promises.

However, the closing of schools is one of the major problems to the economy. I believe that a remedy to this country is, education. Education is important for public engagement to help determine policies that benefits the public. For example, to be involved in the decision-making of polices that impose or lift mask mandate, lockdowns and social distancing than the individual and to have some knowledge to participate in policies that serves their interests. With facts and evidence, citizens are able to hold government officials accountable for the results.

How the pandemic is being handled, has affect this economy. The economy is what makes this country run but without the freedom and individuality that bourgeois democracy promise, our economy is suffering. This means the public is suffering. The only ones who aren’t are those individuals who hold financial power. This is why closing schools down is impacting one’s ability to get a proper education that can prepare young ones to make decisions in the future that impact the public. The publics best position in this is to protect their own interest, based on democratic decisions.

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Fake News: It Starts and Ends With You

In recent times, it has come to my attention that technological media outlets have gained more popularity as a source for news, especially social media. 

In the past, we have depended on sources such as newspapers, books, and radios to retrieve our news; but the issue with these media is they limited face-to-face communities in their easy and timely accessibility of incoming news. Thus, we have turned to technological sources like news-based sites, applications, and television channels as a means to quickly and easily obtain information.

Now more than ever, we depend on technology for news on day-to-day political, cultural, and societal issues in our country and around the world as we must isolate ourselves from face-to-face communication within our communities. This creates a constant yet intricate interaction between technological media and the public as news is widely spread, but also exposed to non-political media that participate in the disbursement of news that can modify its accuracy; the primary media being social media. Social media’s purpose is for users to create and share content, including ideas, thoughts, and opinions to network and make connections, enhancing freedom of speech. Therefore, although on one hand, social media is capable of providing true, authentic news as reliable news outlets such as The New York Times have platforms on these sites and applications, on the other hand, freedom of speech is a gateway to irrationality. Ideas, thoughts, and opinions are often created and shared impulsively and recklessly, thus ideas, thoughts, and opinions on the news are no exception. Reckless and impulsive speech creates a grand space for error, that being, the quick disbursement and receptiveness of false news before verification and validation from primary sources. 

I am certainly troubled with how the individual receives information from social media because it shapes their opinion, thus shaping the public’s opinion, thus shaping the actions of the state through false news. Newspapers, and films, and research articles, and books in addition to social media all provide the public with conflicting pieces of information, preventing them from fully comprehending and articulating their needs for desired action on current issues. 

However, it is important to clarify freedom of speech within social media does not immediately equate to false news; rather, it is the lack of education of consequence that causes selfishness of the individual that does. Efforts to eliminate fake news on social media sites consider regulating freedom of speech, such as by suspending accounts, an approach that borderline violates the public’s right to free speech. Therefore, instead of a holistic approach, a more meticulous strategy to eliminate fake news is education, especially in the child. Through education, in school, and in the family, the individual learns to be a human; to recognize their public responsibilities rather than focus on their private ambitions that can affect the public, for it is selfish to believe private actions only impact the parties involved. Education will not only better the public’s understanding that their actions have consequences, but also the effectiveness and liberty of those consequences. The comprehension of the capabilities of these consequences, then, limits selfishness. 

With a variety of users on social media, it is simple to excuse one image, one video, one statement does no harm as it will likely only misfire on the individual who shared them — so they believe. But private thought regulates public ideas as misinformation and disinformation influences the opinions and beliefs of the public eye. By educating the individual to rationally create and share content, there is a form of regulation created in which the individual and the public hold themselves accountable for fake news and prevent its spread. Hence, the answer to eliminating fake news from social media sites does not lie between complete regulation of freedom of speech or the complete removal of formal limitations, but within self-regulation.

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Save a Life, Watch Church Online!

I’ve said before that not all laws are beneficial all the time. In other words, what is a good law for the present moment might simply not fit in another. We are in an unprecedented time, thus this theory is exceedingly relevant. We have commonly disputed the issue of church and state and religious freedoms. As covid cases increase, this dispute leads to the concern of worship services as a source of the spread of the virus. The concern is that those who choose to attend worship services are putting those who choose not to at a greater risk. People’s actions are creating negative consequences for those who choose to stay at home for their safety and others’, hence creating a demand for change.

Due to present circumstances, there should be a law that prohibits people from attending a worship service during this time. This has not been done yet, but Arkansas has recently released new guidelines regarding the virus and wearing a mask when attending church. These guidelines should become enforced rules, so there might be no imposition of negative consequences for those who did not commit these actions. The government should be transforming these guidelines into mandated statute.

The state should enforce the majority interest of those who are governed. In other words, if the majority of people in a state do not agree with a statute, it should not be enforced. Most of the time. However, in consideration of a circumstance such as a pandemic, we must consider the threat people’s actions impose on others. When hundreds of people attend church, they can unknowingly expose other people who then return back to neighbors, friends, and relatives, who opted out of church to stay safe but are now threatened with sickness or death due to someone else’s actions. Thus the threat of bearing the consequence for someone else’s decisions should hold a higher importance.

An additional point to consider is the relativity of these regulations. In another circumstance it would not deem appropriate to tell the governed when and when not to worship. Freedom of religion is a liberty that should be upheld. Hence, we must consider the circumstances. Statutes relevant to church must remain within the concern of safety of others during this pandemic. As we hope for the virus to subside, we must acknowledge the demands we must currently make for church attendees cannot be the same outside of this pandemic.

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Dewey on Socialized Healthcare

The economic market today has evolved such that people’s basic needs are being provided for in different ways. Corporations have certainly become larger in every industry, and industries that have grown to systemically meet the basic needs of every person are no exception. The healthcare industry is supposed to meet the basic needs of every person. However, the increase in the size of healthcare companies has served to place an undue burden on the average person and curtailed the average person’s freedom. 

The healthcare industry is an industry that should meet the basic needs of everyone. However, today millions of citizens don’t have adequate healthcare. In fact, “30% of Americans say they would have to choose between necessities and paying a medical bill if a surprise bill arrived (Meritage Medical Network). Further, in many states, it costs hundreds of dollars for necessary medication like insulin. These predatory practices employed by the healthcare industry impose significant financial burdens on average people. Further, under the current system, health insurance is often used to threaten and coerce members of the working class. Workers often accept lower wages because they need health insurance for them and their families. Workers often fear termination because their family’s health insurance is attached to their employment. Large corporations use things like healthcare to coerce their workforce.

These fact that corporations are getting bigger means we may need to rethink the way our current societal systems meet our basic needs. There are many benefits to socializing our current healthcare system. The country could provide medical assistance to millions of people while experiencing a reduction in healthcare costs. The National Center for Biotechnology Information published an article that concluded that the general academic consensus was that a shift in the healthcare system toward single payer would create a system that imposes fewer costs on society. Of course, the precise number varies based on the particular plan that is implemented, but the general consensus amongst social scientists was that a transition to a single payer system would reduce the financial burden on the country.

The current healthcare system’s predatory practices have left people less free than they used to be. Socializing this healthcare system would free society from the parisitism of the healthcare industry. For example, the current healthcare system did not use to price gouge so intensely on necessary products such as insulin or particular other live saving medication. Because this is a different historical moment and a different economic organization, we can further free people by socializing the healthcare industry. This will ensure that each person’s basic healthcare needs are met and allow both them and their liberty to flourish. Under the current system, healthcare corporations have become so large that they can insulate themselves from their competition in the healthcare industry. This insulation from competition allows for the predatory practices of large healthcare corporations to create a large financial burden on the average person.

Although socializing the healthcare industry would increase the size of the government, it would contribute to more liberty under these current historical circumstances by reducing the economic burden placed on people and combatting coercion techniques used by large corporations.

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Students Need More Field Trips

Field trips have always appeared to be a luxury for young students. Visits to the local zoo or museum has a way of engaging students to learn while still having fun. It’s a great way of combining both the element of play and the element of education outside of a classroom environment. However, these field trips tend to dwindle throughout grade school, with most high schools no longer providing field trips, especially if a student isn’t in an extracurricular like band or sports. Why is it that we place so much emphasis on field trips during elementary school, but neglect to continue real-life learning opportunities once our students get older? And indeed, by the time a student is in college, field trips are now non-existent.

Education should not lie solely in the hands of a teacher, confined only to a classroom. The importance of memorizing dates and facts are essentially meaningless if students can’t find a use for it in the real world. A student’s day-to-day life and their academic studies aren’t separate, but should rather overlap constantly. The amount that students can learn from a textbook or a lecture alone is hindered without schools actively taking kids out into the world n order to apply what they have learned. We learn in order to know more about the world, but cutting students off from the world is taking steps backwards in their education.

Field trips are just one excellent way of teaching students more about what they learned in class in the form of real-life experiences. A kindergarten class can sing about giraffes and elephants, then actually get a chance to see one for an unforgettable experience. They have a memory that they can associate with what was once just a name or a picture. Singing in a school choir and having the chance to see a choir performance are two entirely different experiences. In a world that so heavily emphasis the need for hands-on experience in internships and the job market, why are we not encouraging students to go explore the world?

Schools, primarily middle to college levels, need to give all students more equal access to field trips. We have forgotten that field trips are not just fun rewards for a limited amount of students, but a way of giving students a fun, interactive education that they can continue to use throughout their life. We must connect the real world with out education, as schools are no less part of the real world than any other part of a student’s life.

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Eliminating Undergraduate Debt

Eliminating Undergraduate Debt

In recent news Biden announces his plans and commitment for eliminating student loan debt. If you are a student coming from a household making less than $125,000 and went to a public university Biden wants to eliminate you student debt completely. Students who parents make over this amount will still be awarded partial loan forgiveness, Biden wants everyone to get $10,000 knocked off their student debt in response to the economic hardships caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Biden Affirms “I Will Eliminate Your Student Debt.” This is major news to graduates and current university students who have a significant amount of debt with attached interest rates. With the way the economy is, it is exceedingly difficult for these students to find well paying jobs once they graduate. With the combination of these factors’ student debt has become a major issue in our society for young people seeking education.

This is not an individual issue; it impacts most Americans. It is proven that student loan debt has increased over the decades and is one of the largest forms of American consumer debt, exceeding credit card debt. In 2010 it was reported to be around $830 million, while most recently being recorded at $1.6 trillion. As college tuition and student debt has increased job wages have not increased as significantly. This makes it nearly impossible to pay off student debt, which is contributing to the Great American Affordability Crisis. It is important to put the efforts of our economic resources into the elimination of student debt. By doing this we can move our society forward in furthering social legislation. Humanity depends on furthering of social legislation to promote the common good and creating laws to assist people in need.

              Once the public becomes educated on this issue and the negative effects it has on the younger generations, they will be more inclined to understanding the possibilities of social control. There are benefits to adding more social policies for alleviating the pressure of paying back these student loans. Student debt shackles the future generations from furthering themselves financially, it becomes difficult to plan for the future, like saving for a home, retirement, and emergency accounts. When students are unable to make these financial plans, it can negatively impact the future American economy. By accepting more social policies and including them into the older functions of government we can keep liberalism alive.

              Some people may be concerned about how erasing student debt will impact the raise of American taxes. There would be complaining that money would be taken away from them and given to students they believe are undeserving. We must keep in mind that the liberty of individuals needs to be supported by the structure of economic organizations like our government. Sometimes for the greater public good there must be minimal sacrifice from individuals. By implementing this policy, it not only assures the security of students to fulfill passions and make stride for achievements that are not related to paying off their student debts but it also relieves one of the largest factors of American debt.

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The Crisis in Journalism

A critical problem plaguing society is the prevalence of misinformation in the press. If we as a society allow personal bias to twist the words of individuals, then we are doing a disservice to society as a whole. Some may see any limitations placed on the press to be regressive. However, these individuals fail to comprehend the conception of historic relativity. Nothing is more oppressive to liberty than ignoring pressing issues that tear down the social contract between an individual and those that represent them in society. Effective liberty is only possible with social cognizance from the shapers of public policy.

The ever-changing world of technology presents new challenges in 21st-century society. The recently proposed legislation in Georgia, which would establish a journalism ethics board, aims at tackling the issue of misinformation in the age of social media. Lawmakers are addressing a relevant and pressing matter that has worsened with the rise of social media. Fake news often relies on personal bias, false memories, and misattribution in order to influence how individuals interpret and remember information. I cite this particular fact to shed light on the psychological reasoning that may explain the uptick of fake news and cyber propaganda.

The crisis in liberalism is the rise of untrustworthy information and the rapid spread of said information on a global scale, which has a profound effect on featured individuals. The credibility of news is being tarnished by the appearance of information masquerading as trustworthy, hiding behind the legitimacy of major news organizations, while actually spreading misinformation. Those whose words yield great power have a societal responsibility and should be held accountable for the ideas that they introduce into society. Individuals interviewed for the news have the right to give context and debunk any misleading presentation of their character. These statements do not imply that all news organizations are knowingly spreading false information, but establishing a journalism ethics board would hold journalists accountable for how they choose to present information.

The problem of misinformation becomes the problem of society, extending to all areas of the globe as a result of the internet, in which the public’s opinions, knowledge, and ideas are shaped by news organizations. Journalists have a duty to the people to sustain them with knowledge that is accurate, fair, and thorough. “Such an organization demands much more of education than general schooling” and carries the duty of freeing individuals from their slavish instincts by presenting unbiased, fact-checked information with integrity (31). It demands more of journalism.

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Assessing the Fake News Epidemic

Never before in history have our communities been so interlinked; the boons and benefits of social media, and the internet as a whole, cannot be understated, for through them information is proliferated in ways it never has before, and is available now to more people than ever. Such revolutionary developments have their pitfalls, however, and that which is popularly being referred to as fake news is blighting the network of information that these past decades have so carefully crafted. Falsity in reporting is hardly a new phenomenon. The problem arises from how easy it now is to inject it into the stream of information that flows into the public, and how simple it is to disguise it as credible fact when it is truly nothing but deception.

These frustrations require some solution, lest we suffer further descent of our public by this corruption of our most sacred and powerful unifying force: our now nearly limitless capacity to communicate. But what solution would suffice that could not be called an injustice? What remedy is there that exists that would not prompt a vicious outcry, a rally for the preservation of that vital, considered even inherent, part of our society: free speech? For in spite of the public fury stirred over falsities and calumnies spread through the world like fact, there has likewise been an equally insistent voice deriding the very thought of attempting to censor what others may have to say.

Yet there is another facet to this corruption – it is far more complicated than lies being spread as truth and being difficult to recognize. It is true, much of the public is inclined to believe news at face value, especially when encountering information that subscribes to the worldviews they have adopted. However, these same people also wield the label of fake news as a hammer, a weapon with which they seek to strike down that information that opposes their ideals or beliefs. Fake news is more than an inconvenience; quite the opposite, in fact. It serves as an incredibly convenient tool for one seeking to discredit that which does not conform to the palette.

This complexity, along with the determined preservation of free speech – a goal that will perpetually remain noble – makes the question about what to do about this phenomenon difficult to answer. Regulation is one simple remedy. However, allowing the government to regulate the news is a slope far too slippery to be navigable, and the public would never accept it, such is their mistrust now of their authority figures. It is this mistrust that would likewise ensure that what facts the government put forth and emphasized as truth would be viewed with even more skepticism. The more an organization seeks to convince the world of their veracity, the more doubt they accrue, and the more skeptics they create.

Another proposal, if implemented properly, could aid in alleviating the problem, if only marginally. There are, at the moment, independently-operated websites that check facts, confirm the authenticity of statements, and point out glaring errors in reporting. These services are quickly becoming more and more necessary for the preservation of the sanctity and increasingly crippled credibility of our information proliferation. However, they are utilized with far less frequency than they should. The devotion of resources, either privately or through the government, to maintain these websites and bring them to the forefront of our culture, would be one step of many to, rather than regulate speech and communication through the censorship that would create a furious public, establish what information is credible, and what information should be discarded or ignored.

Setting limitations on what can be read and viewed in society is a dangerous prospect, given the sanctity of the precepts that have long stood in opposition of just that. So in lieu of such limitations, encouragement to seek the truth and emphasis on identifying what is truly false is perhaps even vital to society. The public needs to quickly understand whether the object of its attention is a deception, or the truth. We have established the communication we require to make our society truly great. Now we must maintain it.

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The Climate and Its Problems

The exponential growth of industry has birthed a contentious debate concerning the longevity of using fossil fuels as our primary energy source. Their fleeting abundance has given rise to our country’s economic prosperity but at the cost of the stability of the environment, and has the potential to fundamentally alter life on Earth. The economic prosperity that has been reaped will be erased as sea levels rise, geographic areas become inhabitable, and resources scarce.

Fruitless discussions are held primarily within political institutions that have no genuine interest in addressing the inevitable existential crisis that will soon confront the future electorate. Time and time again experts are called to testify to the severity of the crisis that will face our future society but their words fall upon deaf ears. Politicians chastise the facts of settled science, to which experts have all agreed upon, because of the monetary benefits of aligning themselves with businesses within the fossil fuel industry. Politicians that believe the wants of their electorate today outweigh the needs of their electorate tomorrow, and who fail to represent the democratic ideals of representation by placing the immediate financial concerns of business ahead of the health of the environment, and thus the electorate.

There is a disturbing abundance of apathy coursing through the public conscious. The apathetic can be separated into two groups by their rationalization of the looming crisis. Either they blindly and willingly accept any rebuttal ‘evidence’ that is spouted by a politician or worse, they do not care about the struggles that society will face when they are no longer apart of it. Time and effort is wasted attempting to convince voters of the direness of the effects of our current actions. Why do we lie to ourselves and believe that every citizen will suddenly become an altruist rather than continue their current ways of life? Further, it is naive to believe a business would willingly increase their costs for a future communal benefit. However, do we not owe it to our society to protect it in the future as we would to-day? Why do we steer our ship into the iceberg despite the numerous warnings?

The magnitude of this future crisis has been marked by the current state of political communication. Politicians have a responsibility to represent the best interests of their electorate, whether present or future, but represent neither when they spout falsehoods to misinform. Ultimately, their blatant failure will come to fruition long after they have exited society.

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News Regulation and the Public

The public’s greatest asset and its greatest deficiency of the moment is communication. Because we live in an age where anyone can transmit information anywhere else in the blink of an eye, the vetting process to verify that the information being transmitted is accurate gets overlooked more and more. Beyond the obvious opportunity social media affords for the individual to hold a platform without the conventional checkpoints of fact-checkers and sources as should be demanded by traditional press, esteemed publications have also become more and more flippant when it comes to reporting facts. The introduction of the internet jump-started alternative forms of online media, including sites run entirely based on ad revenue and donations, which incentivizes not only biased reporting in favor of the audience providing the most financial support, but also “clickbait” – deliberate misrepresentations of the truth to encourage another site visitation and another few cents of revenue. In short, news is spreading faster than ever before, so fake news is spreading faster than ever before.

Approaching the growth of fake news pragmatically affords that understood “truth” can change based on what’s useful in the moment; if we define fake news as “news that is not true,” we can extend misinformation to also describe information that is simply not beneficial to the public, whether because it is actively harmful to a community or because it is simply extraneous. Fake news, then, can be considered any transmitted information that is a misrepresentation of actuality or that is unnecessary and would add confusion.

The public is, on the whole, uneducated and unlikely to reason appropriately when faced with fake news. This fact is made clearly evident by the number of satirical Onion or Clickhole articles shared genuinely by millions of people through social media. It is not enough to expect the average person to be able to hold themselves accountable and fact-check news themselves if the public cannot discern when it is appropriate to question the information being presented to them. As such, the private issue of people being misinformed and hearing wildly different versions of the same stories depending on what publications they trust or people they choose to follow, becomes a public issue that must be regulated.

Factchecking sources which can be used to debunk internet myths and misinformation already exist, and while they some do have political leaning that impacts their likelihood to challenge certain sides’ ideas, neutral factcheckers like Snopes and Politifact do exist. The difference between these sources and something like Media Matters, which leans left and mostly criticizes figures from the right, is funding. Politifact, for example is funded almost entirely by non-partisan groups, removing the motivation to do a certain type of reporting that would be more profitable.

Diverging somewhat from ambiguity, I offer a proposal: It’s not out of the realm of possibility that the government could fund an implement a similar neutral fact-checking service, staffed by people from all sides of the political spectrum. This service would clear up whether news is true – meaning accurate and beneficial – or false and/or harmful to regulate the media and ensure the public is not being exposed to disruptive ideas, without potentially falling victim to the biases a private business with private motivations is wont to.

Of course, limiting media has the potential to limit free speech, and there arises the question of how much of the information being put out there has to be factchecked. Just because satirical sources and ill-founded ideas can be misleading doesn’t mean they should be silenced outright. Regulations should be for publications and people posturing as ones perpetuating truth, not those existing for entertainment or general musings. A pragmatic alternative, then, could be to place regulations on the social media platforms most used by people requiring them to visibly flag their information as “news” vs “entertainment,” so that everyone who sees the posts being spread can tell at a glance whether they’ve been fact-checked per regulation (news) or should not necessarily be considered reputable (entertainment).

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